> Good afternoon, MarkB_MI and others: Mark B, you have highlighted an area that has had me confused for many years! I have never understood the terminology including PROVIDER and CLIENT. Dennis, I realize your post is mostly tongue-in-cheek, but I'll try to answer your questions. In computer jargon, the complement to 'client' is 'server', and these terms are used in inconsistent and sometimes contradictory ways. A server is a computer program that provides services, and a client is a program that requests services from a server. The terms are also used to describe the computers that run these programs, where server programs generally run on server computers and client programs run on client computers, such as desktop PCs, laptops, cell phones, etc. I'm going to stop there, because to go any further is just going to confuse things and there's no need to go down that rabbit hole. So, in the case of email, you typically have an email client program running on your PC that communicates with an email server program that runs on a mail server somewhere, maybe at your internet service provider (ISP). Since different servers use different protocols to communicate, most email client programs allow you to change them. If your email server is run by your ISP, the ISP will tell you what settings to use. In general 'web-based' just means something you use a browser (e.g. Firefox or MS Edge) to access rather than some other program running on your computer (e.g. MS Outlook or Thunderbird). Some email services support both web-based mail (aka 'webmail') and client/server-based mail. For example, my email provider allows me access to email using a client program running on my home computer, or via a web interface. This allows me to store all my emails on my home computer, yet still be able to check my email while traveling. As for your obsolescent laptop, I don't know why having an out-of-date operating system should prevent you from accessing your email, but I don't know much about Windows and all things Microsoft. As for being unable to upgrade to a newer version of Windows, did the Geeks tell you why that is? Microsoft specifies minimum hardware requirements for each version of Windows, but those are RECOMMENDATIONS, not really hard-and-fast requirements. MS says how much memory and disk space is needed, and the minimum processor requirements. Of these, free disk space is most important: If there's not enough space on the disk to load the new operating system, it's impossible to upgrade. But memory and processor requirements are softer; you can probably get by with less memory than is specified or a slower processor; Windows will just run slower than it should. Memory and disk can be upgraded, but it may be about as cheap to buy a new laptop. Good luck.
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